{
"January 2026": [
{
"id": "jan-1",
"topic": "Joint Exercises",
"text": "Joint Military Exercise 'Desert Cyclone' was conducted between the armies of India and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in Rajasthan, focusing on desert warfare operations.",
"details": {
"winner": "India & UAE",
"award": "Exercise Desert Cyclone",
"nationality": "India & UAE (Held in Rajasthan)",
"summary": "A bilateral exercise aimed at sharing best practices in desert tactical operations, urban counter-terror drills, and interoperability."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Joint Military Exercise 'Desert Cyclone' is conducted between India and which other country?",
"options": [
"Saudi Arabia",
"Oman",
"UAE",
"Egypt"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "Exercise Desert Cyclone is the inaugural bilateral army exercise between India and the UAE, held in Rajasthan."
}
},
{
"id": "jan-2",
"topic": "Naval Inductions",
"text": "The Indian Navy inducted its first indigenous medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) drone, Drishti 10 Starliner, manufactured by Adani Defence and Aerospace.",
"details": {
"winner": "Indian Navy",
"award": "Drishti 10 Starliner Induction",
"nationality": "Indian (Indigenously Manufactured)",
"summary": "An advanced UAV featuring 36 hours endurance and 450 kg payload capacity, designed for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which Indian aerospace/defence firm manufactured the newly inducted Drishti 10 Starliner MALE drone?",
"options": [
"Tata Advanced Systems",
"HAL",
"Adani Defence & Aerospace",
"Bharat Electronics Limited"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "Drishti 10 Starliner was developed and manufactured by Adani Defence and Aerospace in collaboration with Elbit Systems."
}
},
{
"id": "jan-3",
"topic": "National Security",
"text": "The post of Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) was created in India based on the recommendations of the Kargil Review Committee, serving as the permanent chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee.",
"details": {
"winner": "Indian Armed Forces",
"award": "CDS Position Establishment",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "Established to facilitate tri-services integration, jointmanship, and to act as the principal military advisor to the Minister of Defence."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Integrated Defence Staff (IDS) was created in India based on the recommendations of which committee?",
"options": [
"Kothari Committee",
"Kargil Review Committee",
"Sarkaria Commission",
"Balwant Rai Mehta Committee"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "The CDS position and the structural integration of defence forces were recommended by the Kargil Review Committee (1999) led by K. Subrahmanyam."
}
},
{
"id": "jan-4",
"topic": "Sports Awards",
"text": "Novak Djokovic was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year for his stellar performances, capturing multiple Grand Slam titles in the previous season.",
"details": {
"winner": "Novak Djokovic",
"award": "Laureus World Sportsman of the Year",
"nationality": "Serbian",
"summary": "Awarded the highly prestigious global sports honor in recognition of his historic achievements and dominance in men's tennis."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Who won the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year Award in late 2025/early 2026?",
"options": [
"Lionel Messi",
"Novak Djokovic",
"Max Verstappen",
"Erling Haaland"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Tennis star Novak Djokovic was awarded the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year for matching the all-time record of Grand Slam singles titles."
}
},
{
"id": "jan-5",
"topic": "Science & Tech",
"text": "ISRO announced the launch timeline for the Gaganyaan-1 mission, India's first manned spaceflight program aimed at sending a crew to low earth orbit.",
"details": {
"winner": "ISRO",
"award": "Gaganyaan Mission Progress",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "A milestone project designed to demonstrate human spaceflight capability by launching a 3-member crew to a 400 km orbit for a 3-day mission."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "India's human spaceflight mission is known as:",
"options": [
"Chandrayaan-4",
"Aditya-L1",
"Gaganyaan",
"Shukrayaan"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "Gaganyaan is ISRO's human spaceflight program, designed to demonstrate indigenous capabilities for orbital space flight."
}
},
{
"id": "jan-6",
"topic": "World Politics",
"text": "Gabriel Attal was appointed as the new Prime Minister of France, becoming the youngest prime minister in the country's modern political history.",
"details": {
"winner": "Gabriel Attal",
"award": "French Prime Minister Appointment",
"nationality": "French",
"summary": "Appointed by President Emmanuel Macron at the age of 34, succeeding Elisabeth Borne in a cabinet reshuffle."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Who is the youngest Prime Minister in the history of France, appointed in early 2024 and active through 2026?",
"options": [
"Emmanuel Macron",
"Gabriel Attal",
"Jean Castex",
"Edouard Philippe"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Gabriel Attal was appointed Prime Minister of France at age 34, making him the youngest in the modern era."
}
},
{
"id": "jan-7",
"topic": "National Policy",
"text": "The Government of India commenced the phased implementation of the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, laying down the guidelines for the newly formed Data Protection Board of India (DPBI).",
"details": {
"winner": "Ministry of Electronics & IT",
"award": "DPDP Act Framework",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "A landmark legislation regulating digital personal data processing, ensuring individuals' rights while imposing penalties for data breaches."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Under the DPDP Act, who has the authority to adjudicate grievances and impose penalties for personal data breaches?",
"options": [
"Telecom Regulatory Authority of India",
"Data Protection Board of India",
"Cyber Appellate Tribunal",
"National Green Tribunal"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "The Data Protection Board of India (DPBI) is the statutory body established to monitor compliance and penalize violations under the DPDP Act."
}
},
{
"id": "jan-8",
"topic": "International Relations",
"text": "The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) held its heads of state security conference, emphasizing counter-terrorism, border security, and regional economic connectivity.",
"details": {
"winner": "SCO Member States",
"award": "SCO Security Council Meet",
"nationality": "International",
"summary": "SCO member nations, including India, Pakistan, China, and Russia, aligned on joint anti-terror drills and combatting regional extremism."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which country is the newest permanent member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), joining in 2024?",
"options": [
"Iran",
"Belarus",
"Uzbekistan",
"Mongolia"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Belarus officially became the 10th permanent member of the SCO during the Astana Summit in July 2024, following Iran's admission in 2023."
}
},
{
"id": "jan-visit-macron",
"topic": "Bilateral Visits",
"text": "French President Emmanuel Macron visited India as the Chief Guest for the 77th Republic Day, signing the Defence Industrial Roadmap to co-develop military hardware.",
"details": {
"winner": "India & France",
"award": "State Visit",
"nationality": "France",
"summary": "Strengthened defence cooperation, space partnerships, and civil aviation MoUs, including launching a joint defence space partnership and a consulate in Marseille."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which country's President was the Chief Guest for India's 77th Republic Day celebrations in January 2026?",
"options": [
"USA",
"France",
"Egypt",
"Russia"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "French President Emmanuel Macron visited India as the Chief Guest for the Republic Day celebrations, signing key defence industrial roadmap pacts."
}
}
],
"February 2026": [
{
"id": "feb-1",
"topic": "Defence Procurement",
"text": "The Ministry of Defence cleared a mega proposal to acquire 97 additional LCA Tejas Mk-1A fighter jets from Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) for the Indian Air Force.",
"details": {
"winner": "Indian Air Force / HAL",
"award": "LCA Tejas Mk-1A Order",
"nationality": "Indian (Indigenously Designed)",
"summary": "A strategic acquisition worth over Rs 67,000 crore to replace aging fighter fleets and boost indigenous combat squadron strength."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "How many additional Tejas Mk-1A fighter jets were approved for procurement by the MoD in late 2025/2026?",
"options": [
"73",
"83",
"97",
"110"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "The Ministry of Defence approved the procurement of 97 additional indigenous LCA Tejas Mk-1A fighter jets from HAL."
}
},
{
"id": "feb-2",
"topic": "Border Security",
"text": "The Central Government announced the decision to construct a **smart fence along the entire 1,643 km border with Myanmar** and terminate the Free Movement Regime (FMR).",
"details": {
"winner": "Ministry of Home Affairs",
"award": "Indo-Myanmar Border Fencing",
"nationality": "Indian / Myanmar",
"summary": "Initiated to curb insurgent movements, illegal immigration, and drug trafficking, strengthening national border security protocols."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "With which country does India share a border where the Free Movement Regime (FMR) was recently suspended?",
"options": [
"Bangladesh",
"Nepal",
"Myanmar",
"Bhutan"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "India suspended the Free Movement Regime (FMR) and ordered fencing along the entire 1,643 km border with Myanmar."
}
},
{
"id": "feb-3",
"topic": "Literature Awards",
"text": "Sanskrit scholar Jagadguru Rambhadracharya and Urdu poet Gulzar were selected as the recipients of the prestigious **58th Jnanpith Award**.",
"details": {
"winner": "Gulzar & Rambhadracharya",
"award": "58th Jnanpith Award",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "Conferred India's highest literary honor for outstanding lifetime contributions to Sanskrit and Urdu languages."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Who was awarded the Jnanpith Award in the Sanskrit category alongside Gulzar?",
"options": [
"Jagadguru Rambhadracharya",
"Dr. Karan Singh",
"Kedarnath Singh",
"Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri"
],
"correct": 0,
"explanation": "Jagadguru Rambhadracharya (Sanskrit) and Gulzar (Urdu) were jointly selected for the 58th Jnanpith Award."
}
},
{
"id": "feb-4",
"topic": "Environment",
"text": "According to the latest State of Forest Report, **Mizoram** has the highest percentage of forest cover relative to its total geographical area in India.",
"details": {
"winner": "Mizoram",
"award": "Forest Cover Statistics",
"nationality": "Indian (North East Region)",
"summary": "Mizoram leads India in forest cover percentage (above 84%), while Madhya Pradesh remains the largest state in terms of absolute forest area."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which Indian state has the largest area-wise forest cover, according to the India State of Forest Report?",
"options": [
"Arunachal Pradesh",
"Madhya Pradesh",
"Mizoram",
"Chhattisgarh"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest cover in the country by absolute area, whereas Mizoram leads by percentage of geographical area."
}
},
{
"id": "feb-5",
"topic": "Sports Awards",
"text": "Jannik Sinner secured his maiden Grand Slam title at the **Australian Open Men's Singles**, defeating Daniil Medvedev in a thrilling five-set final.",
"details": {
"winner": "Jannik Sinner",
"award": "Australian Open Title",
"nationality": "Italian",
"summary": "Became the first Italian player in history to win the Australian Open singles championship, marking a new era in men's tennis."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which Italian tennis player won the Australian Open Men's Singles title in early 2024, continuing his dominance through 2026?",
"options": [
"Jannik Sinner",
"Matteo Berrettini",
"Lorenzo Musetti",
"Fabio Fognini"
],
"correct": 0,
"explanation": "Jannik Sinner won the Australian Open, defeating Daniil Medvedev, representing Italy's first singles title at the tournament."
}
},
{
"id": "feb-6",
"topic": "National Legislation",
"text": "The historic **Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam** (106th Constitutional Amendment Act) achieved final implementation protocols, setting the stage for reserving one-third of seats for women in the Lok Sabha.",
"details": {
"winner": "Parliament of India",
"award": "106th Constitutional Amendment",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "Reserves 33% of seats in the House of the People (Lok Sabha) and State Legislative Assemblies for women, including sub-quotas for SCs and STs."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "The Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam corresponds to which Constitutional Amendment Act of India?",
"options": [
"103rd Amendment",
"104th Amendment",
"105th Amendment",
"106th Amendment"
],
"correct": 3,
"explanation": "The Women's Reservation Bill was enacted as the 106th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2023."
}
},
{
"id": "feb-7",
"topic": "International Relations",
"text": "Strategic meetings were held for the operationalization of the **India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC)**, establishing working groups on rail connectivity and green hydrogen grids.",
"details": {
"winner": "IMEC Partner Nations",
"award": "IMEC Operationalization Meetings",
"nationality": "International",
"summary": "A mega infrastructure project launched at the G20 Delhi Summit, linking India to Europe via the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Israel through shipping and rail lines."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "The IMEC corridor terminates in India at which primary maritime gateway?",
"options": [
"Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT)",
"Kandla Port",
"Chennai Port",
"Visakhapatnam Port"
],
"correct": 0,
"explanation": "JNPT (Navi Mumbai) and Mundra/Kandla (Gujarat) are the primary western Indian ports designated to connect with the IMEC shipping route."
}
},
{
"id": "feb-8",
"topic": "Economy & Tech",
"text": "Under the **India Semiconductor Mission (ISM)**, the Union Cabinet approved construction of the nation's first commercial semiconductor fabrication facility in Dholera, Gujarat, by Tata Electronics.",
"details": {
"winner": "Tata Electronics & Powerchip (PSMC)",
"award": "Dholera Semiconductor Fab Approval",
"nationality": "India & Taiwan (Joint Venture)",
"summary": "A joint venture to construct a massive semiconductor foundry producing chips for automobiles, power electronics, and computing systems."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "The India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) operates under which nodal Union Ministry?",
"options": [
"Ministry of Commerce & Industry",
"Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY)",
"Ministry of Science & Technology",
"Ministry of Heavy Industries"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "MeitY is the nodal ministry executing the India Semiconductor Mission to establish an indigenous chip ecosystem."
}
}
],
"March 2026": [
{
"id": "mar-1",
"topic": "Missile Technology",
"text": "DRDO successfully conducted the first flight test of the **Agni-V missile with Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle (MIRV)** technology under Mission Divyastra.",
"details": {
"winner": "DRDO / India",
"award": "Mission Divyastra Success",
"nationality": "Indian (Indigenously Developed)",
"summary": "Successfully tested Agni-V equipped with MIRV, enabling a single missile to deliver multiple warheads to distinct locations thousands of kilometers apart."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "What is the name of the operation under which India flight-tested the MIRV-enabled Agni-V missile?",
"options": [
"Mission Divyastra",
"Mission Shakti",
"Mission Gaganyaan",
"Mission Varuna"
],
"correct": 0,
"explanation": "Mission Divyastra was the code name for the first successful flight test of the indigenous Agni-V missile with MIRV technology."
}
},
{
"id": "mar-2",
"topic": "Naval Infrastructure",
"text": "The Indian Navy commissioned a new strategic base, **INS Jatayu, at Minicoy Island** in the Lakshadweep archipelago, to bolster maritime domain awareness in the Indian Ocean.",
"details": {
"winner": "Indian Navy",
"award": "INS Jatayu Commissioning",
"nationality": "Indian (Minicoy Island)",
"summary": "A state-of-the-art naval base designed to strengthen operational surveillance, anti-piracy operations, and security over vital Sea Lines of Communication."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which new naval base was commissioned by the Indian Navy at Minicoy Island in early 2024?",
"options": [
"INS Baaz",
"INS Jatayu",
"INS Dwarka",
"INS Kadamba"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "INS Jatayu was commissioned on Minicoy Island, Lakshadweep, representing India's second naval base in the archipelago after INS Dweeprakshak in Kavaratti."
}
},
{
"id": "mar-3",
"topic": "Science & Tech",
"text": "Google DeepMind's **AlphaFold 3** was released, demonstrating unprecedented accuracy in predicting the structures and interactions of proteins, DNA, RNA, and chemical compounds.",
"details": {
"winner": "Google DeepMind",
"award": "AlphaFold 3 Launch",
"nationality": "International",
"summary": "A revolutionary AI model that predicts how molecules interact within biological cells, drastically reducing drug discovery timeframes."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "AlphaFold, developed by Google DeepMind, is primarily used for:",
"options": [
"Predicting weather patterns",
"Protein structure prediction",
"Natural language translation",
"Autonomous driving control"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "AlphaFold is an AI program designed to predict 3D protein structures from their amino acid sequences with atomic-level accuracy."
}
},
{
"id": "mar-4",
"topic": "Indian Administration",
"text": "The President of India appointed the new **Chief Election Commissioner (CEC)** and Election Commissioners under the newly enacted Chief Election Commissioner Act, 2023.",
"details": {
"winner": "Election Commission of India",
"award": "CEC and EC Appointments",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "Appointments made by a committee comprising the Prime Minister, a Union Cabinet Minister, and the Leader of Opposition/Single Largest Party in Lok Sabha."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Who appoints the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners in India?",
"options": [
"Prime Minister",
"Chief Justice of India",
"President of India",
"Parliamentary Committee"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "Under Article 324 of the Constitution, the President of India appoints the CEC and ECs, based on recommendations of a selection committee."
}
},
{
"id": "mar-5",
"topic": "Environment",
"text": "The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) presented the **Champions of the Earth** award, recognizing pioneering efforts to combat plastic pollution globally.",
"details": {
"winner": "Global Eco-Activists",
"award": "UNEP Champions of the Earth",
"nationality": "International",
"summary": "The UN's highest environmental honor, awarded annually to outstanding leaders from government, civil society, and the private sector."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "The 'Champions of the Earth' award is the highest environmental honor of which international organization?",
"options": [
"IUCN",
"WWF",
"UNEP",
"Greenpeace"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "The 'Champions of the Earth' is the United Nations Environment Programme's (UNEP) flagship environmental award."
}
},
{
"id": "mar-6",
"topic": "National Legislation",
"text": "The Ministry of Home Affairs notified the rules for the implementation of the **Citizenship (Amendment) Act (CAA)**, allowing eligible refugees to apply for Indian citizenship.",
"details": {
"winner": "Ministry of Home Affairs",
"award": "CAA Rules Notification",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "Enables Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians from Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan who entered India before Dec 31, 2014, to obtain citizenship."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "The Citizenship (Amendment) Act rules benefit migrants belonging to how many specified non-Muslim communities?",
"options": [
"4",
"5",
"6",
"8"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "The CAA applies to 6 religious minorities: Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians."
}
},
{
"id": "mar-7",
"topic": "Environment",
"text": "The Supreme Court of India set up a committee to protect the **Great Indian Bustard (GIB)** from extinction, balancing conservation with solar power line infrastructure in Rajasthan.",
"details": {
"winner": "Wildlife Conservationists",
"award": "GIB Conservation Committee",
"nationality": "Indian (Thar Desert)",
"summary": "Urgent conservation efforts for the critically endangered GIB, which faces high mortality rates due to collisions with overhead power lines."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Under the IUCN Red List, the Great Indian Bustard is categorized as:",
"options": [
"Vulnerable",
"Endangered",
"Critically Endangered",
"Extinct in the Wild"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "The Great Indian Bustard is categorized as Critically Endangered due to its extremely small and declining population."
}
},
{
"id": "mar-8",
"topic": "International Relations",
"text": "India signed a historic **Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA)** with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) bloc, committing $100 billion in investments.",
"details": {
"winner": "India & EFTA States",
"award": "India-EFTA TEPA Pact",
"nationality": "India & Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein",
"summary": "A free trade agreement boosting trade in services and goods, with a landmark commitment of $100 billion FDI into India over 15 years."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which of the following European nations is NOT a member of the EFTA bloc that signed the TEPA pact with India?",
"options": [
"Switzerland",
"Norway",
"Iceland",
"Sweden"
],
"correct": 3,
"explanation": "Sweden is a member of the European Union (EU), not EFTA. EFTA consists of Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein."
}
}
],
"April 2026": [
{
"id": "apr-1",
"topic": "Bilateral Drills",
"text": "The 11th edition of the Joint Special Forces Exercise **'KHANJAR'** between **India** and **Kyrgyzstan** concluded at Bakloh, Himachal Pradesh.",
"details": {
"winner": "India & Kyrgyzstan",
"award": "Exercise Khanjar",
"nationality": "India & Kyrgyzstan (Held in HP)",
"summary": "Focused on exchange of experiences in counter-terrorism, hostage rescue, and operational tactics in mountainous terrain."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Exercise 'KHANJAR' is a bilateral special forces training exercise conducted between India and which nation?",
"options": [
"Kazakhstan",
"Kyrgyzstan",
"Uzbekistan",
"Tajikistan"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Exercise Khanjar is the annual bilateral special forces joint training drill conducted between India and Kyrgyzstan."
}
},
{
"id": "apr-2",
"topic": "Joint Drills",
"text": "The bilateral naval exercise **'Varuna'** between the **Indian Navy** and **French Navy** was conducted in the Mediterranean Sea, involving aircraft carriers and guided destroyers.",
"details": {
"winner": "Indian Navy & French Navy",
"award": "Exercise Varuna",
"nationality": "India & France",
"summary": "A cornerstone of Indo-French strategic partnership, featuring advanced anti-submarine drills, tactical maneuvers, and combat simulations."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which bilateral naval exercise is conducted between the navies of India and France?",
"options": [
"Simbex",
"Varuna",
"Indra",
"Konkan"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Exercise Varuna is the annual bilateral maritime exercise conducted jointly by the Indian Navy and French Navy."
}
},
{
"id": "apr-3",
"topic": "Arts & Music",
"text": "Indian flute maestro **Rakesh Chaurasia** won two Grammy Awards at the prestigious ceremony in Los Angeles for his collaboration album 'As We Speak'.",
"details": {
"winner": "Rakesh Chaurasia",
"award": "Dual Grammy Awards",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "Honored with Best Global Music Performance and Best Contemporary Instrumental Album, alongside banjo legend Béla Fleck and table maestro Zakir Hussain."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which instrument is Rakesh Chaurasia famous for playing, for which he won two Grammys?",
"options": [
"Sitar",
"Bansuri (Flute)",
"Tabla",
"Sarod"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Rakesh Chaurasia, nephew of Pandit Hariprasad Chaurasia, is a world-renowned exponent of the Indian bamboo flute (Bansuri)."
}
},
{
"id": "apr-4",
"topic": "Defence Testing",
"text": "Strategic Forces Command (SFC) successfully test-fired the new-generation nuclear-capable ballistic missile **Agni-Prime** from APJ Abdul Kalam Island off the coast of Odisha.",
"details": {
"winner": "SFC & DRDO",
"award": "Agni-Prime Test Success",
"nationality": "Indian (Indigenously Developed)",
"summary": "A two-stage canisterised solid propellant ballistic missile with a range capability of 1,000 to 2,000 km, exhibiting high accuracy."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "What is the approximate range of the Agni-Prime (Agni-P) ballistic missile successfully tested by the SFC?",
"options": [
"500 - 800 km",
"1000 - 2000 km",
"3000 - 4000 km",
"5000 km"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Agni-Prime is a medium-range canisterised ballistic missile with an operational range between 1,000 and 2,000 km."
}
},
{
"id": "apr-5",
"topic": "Science & Tech",
"text": "NASA announced that its **Lunar Gateway** space station program is progressing, with key modules developed in partnership with ESA and JAXA.",
"details": {
"winner": "NASA, ESA, JAXA",
"award": "Lunar Gateway Milestones",
"nationality": "International",
"summary": "A planned small space station in lunar orbit intended to serve as a solar-powered communication hub, science laboratory, and short-term habitation module."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "What is the primary mission objective of NASA's Lunar Gateway program?",
"options": [
"Deep space radio telescope installation",
"Orion spacecraft crew habitation in lunar orbit",
"Mapping Mars surface topography",
"Mining asteroids near Earth orbit"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "The Lunar Gateway is an essential component of NASA's Artemis program, serving as a multi-purpose outpost orbiting the Moon to support long-term lunar exploration."
}
},
{
"id": "apr-6",
"topic": "Science & Tech",
"text": "The **Indian Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe)** issued detailed guidelines for space activities, facilitating private sector participation in satellite ground stations.",
"details": {
"winner": "IN-SPACe",
"award": "Private Space Guidelines",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "Acts as a single-window, independent nodal agency under the Department of Space to authorize and regulate private space sector activities in India."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "IN-SPACe, the space regulator for private companies, is headquartered in which Indian city?",
"options": [
"Bengaluru",
"Ahmedabad",
"Hyderabad",
"Thiruvananthapuram"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "IN-SPACe is headquartered in Bopal, Ahmedabad, Gujarat."
}
},
{
"id": "apr-7",
"topic": "Environment",
"text": "The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change notified the operational guidelines for the **Green Credit Programme (GCP)**, focusing on water conservation and afforestation.",
"details": {
"winner": "Ministry of Environment",
"award": "Green Credit Guidelines",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "A market-based mechanism designed to incentivize voluntary environmental actions by individuals, communities, and private sectors through tradable green credits."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "The Green Credit Programme was globally launched by India during which event?",
"options": [
"COP26 Glasgow",
"COP27 Sharm El-Sheikh",
"COP28 Dubai",
"COP29 Baku"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "The Global Green Credit Initiative was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP28) in Dubai in 2023."
}
},
{
"id": "apr-8",
"topic": "Economy",
"text": "The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) expanded its international operations, officially launching **Unified Payments Interface (UPI)** services in Mauritius and Sri Lanka.",
"details": {
"winner": "NPCI International",
"award": "UPI Expansion",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "Enables Indian tourists to make instant QR-code merchant payments in Mauritius and Sri Lanka, and allows local cross-border remittances."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which was the first European country to accept UPI payments at national landmarks (like the Eiffel Tower)?",
"options": [
"Germany",
"France",
"United Kingdom",
"Italy"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "France was the first European nation to accept UPI, starting at the Eiffel Tower, through an agreement with Lyra Network."
}
}
],
"May 2026": [
{
"id": "may-1",
"topic": "Space & Defence",
"text": "ISRO partnered with SpaceX to launch India's heavy communications satellite, **GSAT-20 (GSAT-N2)**, onboard a Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Canaveral.",
"details": {
"winner": "ISRO & SpaceX",
"award": "GSAT-20 Launch Collaboration",
"nationality": "Indian / US Launch",
"summary": "GSAT-20 is a high-throughput Ka-band satellite weighing 4,700 kg, designed to provide high-speed internet connectivity to rural India."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which satellite series is specifically dedicated to military/civil communication, with GSAT-20 launched via a SpaceX Falcon 9?",
"options": [
"EOS Series",
"GSAT Series",
"INSAT Series",
"Cartosat Series"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "The GSAT (Geosynchronous Satellite) series comprises India's indigenously developed communications satellites."
}
},
{
"id": "may-2",
"topic": "Air Force Aviation",
"text": "The Indian Air Force successfully integrated and fired the indigenous **Astra Mk-1 Beyond Visual Range (BVR)** air-to-air missile from Su-30MKI fighter jets.",
"details": {
"winner": "IAF & DRDO",
"award": "Astra Mk-1 Integration",
"nationality": "Indian (Indigenously Developed)",
"summary": "A state-of-the-art BVR air-to-air missile designed to engage and destroy highly maneuvering supersonic aerial targets at ranges up to 110 km."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "What type of missile is 'Astra Mk-1', developed by DRDO for the Indian Air Force?",
"options": [
"Surface-to-Air Missile",
"Air-to-Air Beyond Visual Range Missile",
"Anti-Radiation Missile",
"Cruise Missile"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Astra is India's first indigenous Beyond Visual Range (BVR) Air-to-Air missile."
}
},
{
"id": "may-3",
"topic": "Sports Awards",
"text": "Neeraj Chopra clinched the gold medal at the prestigious **Doha Diamond League** meeting, executing a spectacular throw of 88.36 meters.",
"details": {
"winner": "Neeraj Chopra",
"award": "Diamond League Gold",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "Solidified his top rank in global javelin throw, asserting dominance in the international athletic track and field circuit."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Neeraj Chopra won the Olympic Gold Medal in Javelin Throw at which Olympic Games?",
"options": [
"Rio Olympics 2016",
"Tokyo Olympics 2020",
"Paris Olympics 2024",
"London Olympics 2012"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Neeraj Chopra won the historic gold medal at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games (held in 2021) with a throw of 87.58m."
}
},
{
"id": "may-4",
"topic": "Environment",
"text": "Scientists reported severe coral bleaching events in the **Great Barrier Reef** due to rising sea surface temperatures in the Coral Sea off Australia.",
"details": {
"winner": "Marine Biologists",
"award": "Reef Bleaching Warning",
"nationality": "International",
"summary": "Mass bleaching caused by thermal stress, leading to the expulsion of symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) and threatening the reef ecosystem."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "The Great Barrier Reef is situated off the coast of which nation?",
"options": [
"New Zealand",
"Australia",
"Indonesia",
"Philippines"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "The Great Barrier Reef is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland, Australia."
}
},
{
"id": "may-5",
"topic": "Indian Administration",
"text": "The **Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA)** issued strict guidelines targeting greenwashing and misleading environmental claims in advertising.",
"details": {
"winner": "CCPA / Govt of India",
"award": "Anti-Greenwashing Regulations",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "Designed to protect consumers by mandating that businesses provide verifiable evidence and third-party audits for any 'eco-friendly' or 'organic' claims."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which statutory body or authority was newly approved to regulate consumer protection and enforce rights in India?",
"options": [
"CCI",
"CCPA",
"FSSAI",
"IRDAI"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) was established under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, to protect and enforce consumer rights."
}
},
{
"id": "may-6",
"topic": "National GK",
"text": "The Union Government reconstituted the standing committee of the **Inter-State Council**, chaired by the Union Home Minister, to promote cooperative federalism.",
"details": {
"winner": "Inter-State Council",
"award": "Council Reconstitution",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "A constitutional body established to support coordination, policy debates, and dispute resolution between the Center and States."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which Article of the Constitution of India provides for the establishment of an Inter-State Council?",
"options": [
"Article 262",
"Article 263",
"Article 280",
"Article 312"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Article 263 of the Constitution provides for the setting up of an Inter-State Council by the President."
}
},
{
"id": "may-7",
"topic": "International Relations",
"text": "India and Iran signed a long-term **Chabahar Port Bilateral Agreement**, allowing India to operate the Shahid Beheshti terminal for a period of 10 years.",
"details": {
"winner": "India IPGL & Iran Port Authority",
"award": "Chabahar Port 10-Year Contract",
"nationality": "India & Iran",
"summary": "A strategic port agreement circumventing Pakistan to access Central Asia and landlocked Afghanistan, linking to the INSTC corridor."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Chabahar Port is located in which gulf/sea region?",
"options": [
"Persian Gulf",
"Gulf of Oman",
"Red Sea",
"Aden Gulf"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Chabahar Port is located on the Makran coast of Iran, along the Gulf of Oman, offering direct access to the Indian Ocean."
}
},
{
"id": "may-8",
"topic": "Science & Tech",
"text": "The Union Cabinet approved the **IndiaAI Mission** budget of Rs 10,372 crore, focusing on building high-performance AI compute capacity through public-private partnerships.",
"details": {
"winner": "Digital India Corporation",
"award": "IndiaAI Mission Funding",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "A national initiative to establish an AI compute infrastructure with 10,000+ GPUs, develop native LLMs, and fund AI startups."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "The IndiaAI Mission plans to establish a compute infrastructure of at least how many GPUs?",
"options": [
"2,000",
"5,000",
"10,000",
"50,000"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "The mission aims to build a public-private AI compute capacity of 10,000 or more graphics processing units (GPUs) to support research."
}
}
],
"June 2026": [
{
"id": "jun-1",
"topic": "Submarine Procurement",
"text": "The Indian Navy successfully completed trials of the sixth Scorpene-class submarine, **Vagsheer**, under Project-75, preparing it for active deployment.",
"details": {
"winner": "Indian Navy & MDL",
"award": "Project-75 Scorpene Completed",
"nationality": "Indian (Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders)",
"summary": "Vagsheer is the final submarine built under the technology transfer agreement with France's Naval Group, featuring advanced acoustic silencing."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Project-75 of the Indian Navy is related to the construction of which defense equipment?",
"options": [
"Aircraft Carriers",
"Conventional Scorpene-class Submarines",
"Guided Missile Destroyers",
"Nuclear Submarines"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Project-75 is a program under which six conventional Scorpene-class diesel-electric submarines were constructed by Mazagon Dock."
}
},
{
"id": "jun-2",
"topic": "Literature Awards",
"text": "German author Jenny Erpenbeck won the **International Booker Prize** for her novel 'Kairos', translated into English by Michael Hofmann.",
"details": {
"winner": "Jenny Erpenbeck",
"award": "International Booker Prize",
"nationality": "German",
"summary": "Recognized for the outstanding work of fiction translated into English, exploring a destructive love affair in East Berlin during the fall of the GDR."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Who was the author of the novel 'The Vegetarian' which won the International Booker Prize in the past?",
"options": [
"Han Kang",
"Jenny Erpenbeck",
"Geetanjali Shree",
"Joko Anik"
],
"correct": 0,
"explanation": "Han Kang won the International Booker Prize for her novel 'The Vegetarian' in 2016."
}
},
{
"id": "jun-3",
"topic": "World Administration",
"text": "The United Nations General Assembly elected five new non-permanent members to the **UN Security Council (UNSC)** for a two-year term.",
"details": {
"winner": "Elected UN Nations",
"award": "UNSC Non-Permanent Elections",
"nationality": "International",
"summary": "Elections held to replace outgoing members, maintaining the geographical balance of the 10 non-permanent members of the council."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "What is the total number of non-permanent members in the UN Security Council (UNSC)?",
"options": [
"5",
"10",
"15",
"20"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "The UNSC consists of 15 members: 5 permanent members (P5) and 10 non-permanent members elected for two-year terms."
}
},
{
"id": "jun-4",
"topic": "Defence Drills",
"text": "The Indian Air Force prepared deployment assets for **'Tarang Shakti'**, planned as the largest multinational air combat exercise hosted on Indian soil.",
"details": {
"winner": "Indian Air Force",
"award": "Tarang Shakti Hosting Planning",
"nationality": "Indian (Multinational Drill)",
"summary": "Designed to host friendly foreign countries, enhancing air operations collaboration, defense diplomacy, and interoperability."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which is the largest multinational air combat exercise conducted by the Indian Air Force?",
"options": [
"Tarang Shakti",
"Gagan Shakti",
"Cope India",
"Pitch Black"
],
"correct": 0,
"explanation": "Tarang Shakti is the largest multinational air exercise hosted by the Indian Air Force."
}
},
{
"id": "jun-5",
"topic": "National Security",
"text": "The office of the **Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)** announced new directives to establish integrated theater commands, dividing India's defense sectors into geographic theaters.",
"details": {
"winner": "Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)",
"award": "Theaterisation Directives",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "A major military reform merging individual army, air force, and navy commands into unified theater commands for joint warfighting."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which department in the Ministry of Defence is headed by the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)?",
"options": [
"Department of Defence",
"Department of Military Affairs (DMA)",
"Department of Defence Production",
"Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "The CDS acts as the head of the Department of Military Affairs (DMA), created in 2020."
}
},
{
"id": "jun-6",
"topic": "Environment",
"text": "India aligned its national conservation programs with the **Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)**, aiming to protect 30% of land and sea by 2030 (30x30 Target).",
"details": {
"winner": "Ministry of Environment",
"award": "Biodiversity Framework Adoption",
"nationality": "Indian / UN",
"summary": "A global biodiversity pact adopted at COP15 in Montreal, containing 4 global goals and 23 targets to address the biodiversity crisis."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) targets restoring what percentage of degraded ecosystems by 2030?",
"options": [
"10%",
"20%",
"30%",
"50%"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "Target 2 of the GBF mandates that at least 30% of degraded terrestrial, inland water, coastal, and marine ecosystems are under effective restoration by 2030."
}
},
{
"id": "jun-7",
"topic": "International GK",
"text": "The **Global Peace Summit on Ukraine** was hosted in B├╝rgenstock, Switzerland, with representatives from over 90 countries discussing sovereignty and nuclear security.",
"details": {
"winner": "Federal Council of Switzerland",
"award": "Global Peace Summit",
"nationality": "International",
"summary": "A multilateral peace conference aimed at finding diplomatic paths to end the conflict, focusing on food security, prisoner exchange, and nuclear plant safety."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which of the following major international powers did NOT attend the Swiss peace summit in June 2024?",
"options": [
"India",
"USA",
"China",
"France"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "China declined to attend the summit, stating that peace negotiations must involve both Russia and Ukraine. Russia was not invited."
}
}
],
"July 2026": [
{
"id": "jul-26-venezuela-aid",
"topic": "Humanitarian Assistance",
"text": "India launched **Operation Sahayata** in July 2026, dispatching IAF C-17 Globemaster aircraft carrying 50 tonnes of emergency relief materials and medical teams to earthquake-hit **Venezuela**.",
"details": {
"winner": "India & Venezuela",
"award": "Humanitarian Aid",
"nationality": "International",
"summary": "Demonstrates India's role as a First Responder and Vishwamitra (friend of the world)."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Under which operation did India send 50 tonnes of emergency relief materials to earthquake-hit Venezuela in July 2026?",
"options": [
"A) Operation Dost",
"B) Operation Maitri",
"C) Operation Sahayata",
"D) Operation Karuna"
],
"answer": "C",
"explanation": "Operation Sahayata was initiated to provide relief to Venezuela following a devastating earthquake."
}
},
{
"id": "jul-26-drdo-hstdv",
"topic": "Defence Technology",
"text": "The **Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)** successfully flight-tested the indigenous **Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle (HSTDV)** powered by a scramjet engine off the coast of Odisha.",
"details": {
"winner": "DRDO",
"award": "HSTDV Test",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "Crucial step toward developing indigenous hypersonic cruise missiles."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "The DRDO recently flight-tested the HSTDV. What type of engine powers the HSTDV during its hypersonic cruise phase?",
"options": [
"A) Ramjet engine",
"B) Scramjet engine",
"C) Cryogenic engine",
"D) Turbojet engine"
],
"answer": "B",
"explanation": "HSTDV is powered by a scramjet engine, which allows supersonic combustion necessary for hypersonic flight."
}
},
{
"id": "jul-26-wimbledon",
"topic": "Sports",
"text": "In Tennis, **Carlos Alcaraz** successfully defended his **Wimbledon Men's Singles** title in July 2026, securing his dominance on grass courts.",
"details": {
"winner": "Carlos Alcaraz",
"award": "Wimbledon Men's Singles",
"nationality": "Spanish",
"summary": "One of the most prestigious Grand Slam tournaments."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Who won the Wimbledon Men's Singles title in July 2026?",
"options": [
"A) Novak Djokovic",
"B) Jannik Sinner",
"C) Carlos Alcaraz",
"D) Daniil Medvedev"
],
"answer": "C",
"explanation": "Carlos Alcaraz won the Wimbledon Men's Singles championship in July 2026."
}
},
{
"id": "jul-26-indonesia-brahmos",
"topic": "Defence Exports",
"text": "India and **Indonesia** signed a landmark **$200 million deal** for the export of two batteries of the **BrahMos supersonic cruise missile**, making Indonesia the third international customer.",
"details": {
"winner": "India & Indonesia",
"award": "BrahMos Export Deal",
"nationality": "International",
"summary": "Strengthens defence ties under India's Act East Policy and MAHASAGAR vision."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which Southeast Asian country became the third international customer of the BrahMos missile in July 2026?",
"options": [
"A) Malaysia",
"B) Indonesia",
"C) Thailand",
"D) Singapore"
],
"answer": "B",
"explanation": "Indonesia signed a $200 million deal for two BrahMos batteries, joining the Philippines and Vietnam."
}
},
{
"id": "jul-26-brics-summit",
"topic": "International Summits",
"text": "The **18th BRICS Summit** was held in **Kazan, Russia** in July 2026, focusing on expanding the use of local currencies for international trade and reforming multilateral institutions.",
"details": {
"winner": "BRICS Nations",
"award": "18th BRICS Summit",
"nationality": "International",
"summary": "Key focus on de-dollarization and expanding the alliance."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Where was the 18th BRICS Summit held in July 2026?",
"options": [
"A) Johannesburg, South Africa",
"B) Kazan, Russia",
"C) Beijing, China",
"D) New Delhi, India"
],
"answer": "B",
"explanation": "The 18th BRICS Summit was hosted by Russia in the city of Kazan."
}
}
],
"August 2026": [
{
"id": "aug-1",
"topic": "Sports Awards",
"text": "India reached the finals of the **ICC Men's T20 World Cup**, exhibiting outstanding team coordination and performances in the knock-out matches.",
"details": {
"winner": "ICC Tournament Board",
"award": "T20 World Cup Campaign",
"nationality": "International",
"summary": "Participated in the premier global T20 tournament, demonstrating high-quality batting and tactical bowling lineups."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which country won the ICC Men's T20 World Cup in 2024, defeating South Africa in the final?",
"options": [
"Australia",
"India",
"England",
"Pakistan"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "India won the ICC Men's T20 World Cup in June 2024 under Rohit Sharma's captaincy, defeating South Africa in Barbados."
}
},
{
"id": "aug-2",
"topic": "Science & Tech",
"text": "ISRO and JAXA finalized payload specifications for the **LUPEX (Lunar Polar Exploration)** joint mission, targeting the water-ice deposits on the Moon's south pole.",
"details": {
"winner": "ISRO & JAXA",
"award": "LUPEX Mission Planning",
"nationality": "India & Japan Joint Venture",
"summary": "A joint robotic lunar lander and rover mission, where JAXA will provide the launch vehicle and rover, and ISRO will provide the lander."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "What is the name of India's planned orbiter mission to Venus, scheduled for late 2020s?",
"options": [
"Aditya-L2",
"Shukrayaan-1",
"LUPEX",
"Gaganyaan-2"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Shukrayaan-1 is the proposed ISRO mission to study the atmosphere and surface of Venus."
}
},
{
"id": "aug-3",
"topic": "Defence Technology",
"text": "The stealth frigate **INS Mahendragiri**, built under Project 17A, successfully completed sea trials, showcasing indigenously developed stealth designs.",
"details": {
"winner": "Indian Navy & Mazagon Dock",
"award": "INS Mahendragiri Sea Trials",
"nationality": "Indian (Project 17A Frigate)",
"summary": "The seventh and final stealth frigate of the Nilgiri-class Project 17A, equipped with advanced weapons, sensors, and platform management systems."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "INS Mahendragiri, recently commissioned into the Indian Navy, is a:",
"options": [
"Aircraft Carrier",
"Nuclear Submarine",
"Stealth Guided Frigate",
"Offshore Patrol Vessel"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "INS Mahendragiri is the seventh stealth frigate built under Project 17A."
}
},
{
"id": "aug-4",
"topic": "Environment",
"text": "The Union Ministry designated **Tawa Reservoir in Madhya Pradesh** as a Ramsar site of international importance, highlighting conservation successes.",
"details": {
"winner": "Madhya Pradesh Forest Dept",
"award": "Ramsar Site Designation",
"nationality": "Indian (Madhya Pradesh)",
"summary": "Tawa Reservoir is an important wetland supporting threatened bird species, migratory waterfowl, and local fisheries."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which of the following reservoirs in Madhya Pradesh was designated as a Ramsar site?",
"options": [
"Tawa Reservoir",
"Indira Sagar",
"Gandhi Sagar",
"Bargi Dam"
],
"correct": 0,
"explanation": "Tawa Reservoir, located in Narmadapuram district of Madhya Pradesh, along with two sites in Tamil Nadu, was designated as a Ramsar site, taking India's total count to 85."
}
},
{
"id": "aug-5",
"topic": "Politics & Admin",
"text": "Justice Sanjiv Khanna took oath as the new Chief Justice of India (CJI), succeeding the outgoing Chief Justice.",
"details": {
"winner": "Justice Sanjiv Khanna",
"award": "Oath as Chief Justice of India",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "Appointed as the 51st Chief Justice of India. The oath was administered by President Droupadi Murmu at Rashtrapati Bhavan under Article 124(6) of the Constitution."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Under which Article of the Indian Constitution does the President administer the oath of office to the Chief Justice of India?",
"options": [
"Article 124(6)",
"Article 60",
"Article 125",
"Article 219"
],
"correct": 0,
"explanation": "Article 124(6) of the Constitution of India provides that every person appointed to be a Judge of the Supreme Court shall make and subscribe an oath or affirmation before the President."
}
},
{
"id": "aug-6",
"topic": "National Security",
"text": "The Ministry of Development of Northeastern Region (DoNER) reviewed infrastructure projects under the **Vibrant Villages Programme (VVP)** along the LAC.",
"details": {
"winner": "Border Villages in Himachal, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal",
"award": "VVP Infrastructure Funding",
"nationality": "Indian (Northern Borders)",
"summary": "A Centrally Sponsored Scheme to develop infrastructure, generate livelihoods, and improve connectivity in border villages to arrest migration."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "The Vibrant Villages Programme covers border villages along India's border with which country?",
"options": [
"Pakistan",
"China",
"Bangladesh",
"Myanmar"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "The VVP targets the development of border villages along the northern border (primarily the Line of Actual Control with China)."
}
},
{
"id": "aug-7",
"topic": "Environment",
"text": "The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change consolidated the administration of **Project Tiger** and **Project Elephant** under a single division.",
"details": {
"winner": "Project Tiger & Elephant Division",
"award": "Administrative Merger",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "A structural reform aimed at optimizing resources, integrating conservation fields, and streamline funding for overlapping tiger/elephant habitats."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which of the following years marks the launch of Project Tiger in India?",
"options": [
"1972",
"1973",
"1980",
"1992"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Project Tiger was launched on April 1, 1973, from Jim Corbett National Park, while Project Elephant was launched in 1992."
}
},
{
"id": "aug-8",
"topic": "International GK",
"text": "The **Henley Passport Index 2026** released its mid-year rankings, listing Singapore's passport as the most powerful in the world.",
"details": {
"winner": "Singapore Passport",
"award": "Henley Passport Index",
"nationality": "International",
"summary": "An authoritative index ranking global passports according to the number of destinations their holders can access without a prior visa."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "In the Henley Passport Index 2025/2026, which country consistently ranks as having the most powerful passport?",
"options": [
"Japan",
"Singapore",
"Germany",
"France"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Singapore's passport ranks first, allowing its citizens visa-free access to 195 destinations."
}
}
],
"September 2026": [
{
"id": "sep-1",
"topic": "Joint Exercises",
"text": "The joint military exercise 'Yudh Abhyas 2026' was conducted between the Indian Army and the US Army in Alaska, focusing on high-altitude and extreme cold weather warfare operations.",
"details": {
"winner": "Indian Army & US Army",
"award": "Exercise Yudh Abhyas 2026",
"nationality": "India & USA (Held in Alaska)",
"summary": "An annual bilateral exercise focusing on sharing best practices in high-altitude tactics, winter warfare, and cold-climate survival."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Exercise 'Yudh Abhyas' is a bilateral training exercise between the armies of India and which nation?",
"options": [
"Russia",
"France",
"USA",
"United Kingdom"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "Exercise Yudh Abhyas is an annual bilateral training exercise jointly conducted by the Indian Army and the US Army."
}
},
{
"id": "sep-2",
"topic": "Naval Inductions",
"text": "The Indian Navy officially commissioned its second nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN), INS Arighat, at Visakhapatnam, strengthening India's strategic nuclear triad.",
"details": {
"winner": "Indian Navy",
"award": "INS Arighat Commissioning",
"nationality": "Indian (Indigenously Constructed)",
"summary": "The second Arihant-class SSBN commissioned after rigorous trials, equipped with nuclear-tipped ballistic missiles to enhance deterrence."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "What is INS Arighat, which was commissioned by the Indian Navy in late 2026?",
"options": [
"Aircraft Carrier",
"Nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine",
"Stealth Guided Destroyer",
"Guided Missile Frigate"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "INS Arighat is India's second Arihant-class nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN)."
}
},
{
"id": "sep-3",
"topic": "National Security",
"text": "India's Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) approved the development of the AMCA (Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft) fifth-generation stealth fighter jet program, to be designed by ADA and manufactured by HAL.",
"details": {
"winner": "ADA & HAL",
"award": "AMCA 5th Gen Fighter Approval",
"nationality": "Indian (Indigenously Designed)",
"summary": "A program to build India's premier fifth-generation fighter jet with advanced stealth characteristics, internal weapon bays, and supercruise capability."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "AMCA, which was approved for development, stands for:",
"options": [
"Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft",
"Advanced Maritime Patrol Aircraft",
"Aviation Mission Control Academy",
"Army Mechanized Combat Armor"
],
"correct": 0,
"explanation": "AMCA stands for Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft, which is India's program to develop an indigenous fifth-generation stealth fighter jet."
}
},
{
"id": "sep-4",
"topic": "Science & Tech",
"text": "ISRO successfully launched the SSLV-D3 mission, injecting the EOS-08 earth observation satellite into low earth orbit, completing the developmental phase of the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle.",
"details": {
"winner": "ISRO",
"award": "SSLV-D3 / EOS-08 Launch",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "The third developmental flight of SSLV successfully deployed EOS-08, demonstrating capability to launch small satellites on demand."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which satellite was launched by ISRO on the SSLV-D3 developmental flight?",
"options": [
"EOS-06",
"EOS-08",
"Gaganyaan-1",
"Aditya-L1"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "ISRO's SSLV-D3 successfully injected the EOS-08 earth observation satellite into orbit during its final developmental flight."
}
},
{
"id": "sep-5",
"topic": "Awards & Honours",
"text": "The prestigious Dadasaheb Phalke Award was conferred upon veteran actor Mithun Chakraborty for his monumental lifetime contributions to Indian cinema.",
"details": {
"winner": "Mithun Chakraborty",
"award": "Dadasaheb Phalke Award",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "Conferred with India's highest award in cinema for outstanding lifetime contribution across Hindi and Bengali film industries."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Who was conferred with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in late 2026?",
"options": [
"Amitabh Bachchan",
"Mithun Chakraborty",
"Waheeda Rehman",
"Asha Parekh"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Veteran actor Mithun Chakraborty was selected to receive the Dadasaheb Phalke Award for his lifetime contributions to Indian cinema."
}
},
{
"id": "sep-6",
"topic": "International Relations",
"text": "The bilateral forum of the **India-US Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET)** met in Washington, finalizing pacts on secure 5G networks and semiconductor supply chain diversification.",
"details": {
"winner": "India & USA National Security Councils",
"award": "iCET Bilateral Dialogue",
"nationality": "India & USA",
"summary": "An initiative to build strategic technology partnerships and defense industrial cooperation in AI, quantum computing, space, and defense."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "The Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET) is a strategic technology framework established between India and:",
"options": [
"Japan",
"Germany",
"USA",
"France"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "iCET was jointly launched by India and the United States in 2022 to expand strategic technology partnership and defense cooperation."
}
},
{
"id": "sep-7",
"topic": "National Policy",
"text": "The Union Cabinet approved the expansion of the **Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY)** to provide health coverage to all senior citizens aged 70 years and above.",
"details": {
"winner": "Senior Citizens of India",
"award": "AB-PMJAY Coverage Expansion",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "Allows all citizens aged 70+ years to access free, health cover up to Rs 5 lakh per family per year, regardless of their socio-economic status."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Under the newly expanded AB-PMJAY, eligible senior citizens (70+) will receive a distinct health card with a free health cover of:",
"options": [
"Rs 2 Lakh",
"Rs 3 Lakh",
"Rs 5 Lakh",
"Rs 10 Lakh"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "All senior citizens aged 70 and above will receive free health cover up to Rs 5 Lakh per family per year under a new distinct card."
}
},
{
"id": "sep-8",
"topic": "Environment",
"text": "The wildlife institutes released the **State of India's Birds** report, highlighting conservation threats and long-term declines in several endemic species.",
"details": {
"winner": "Ornithological Research Groups",
"award": "State of India's Birds Report",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "An analysis of bird species showing that raptors, migratory shorebirds, and ducks are declining rapidly due to habitat degradation and hunting."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which of the following birds, according to the report, has shown a significant positive population growth in recent years?",
"options": [
"Indian Vulture",
"House Sparrow",
"Indian Peafowl",
"Great Indian Bustard"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "The Indian Peafowl (national bird) has shown a marked increase in both population and distribution across India."
}
},
{
"id": "sep-visit-usa",
"topic": "Bilateral Visits",
"text": "PM Narendra Modi visited the USA for bilateral talks and the Quad Leaders' Summit, signing semiconductor and defence MQ-9B drone procurement pacts.",
"details": {
"winner": "India & USA",
"award": "Quad & Bilateral Visit",
"nationality": "USA",
"summary": "Expanded the Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET) and advanced agreements on a joint semiconductor assembly plant in India."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "During the PM's visit to the USA in 2026, which military drone acquisition deal was officially advanced?",
"options": [
"MQ-9B SkyGuardian",
"Heron TP",
"Bayraktar TB2",
"Hermes 900"
],
"correct": 0,
"explanation": "India advanced the procurement of 31 MQ-9B SkyGuardian/SeaGuardian armed drones from the US during bilateral talks."
}
}
],
"October 2026": [
{
"id": "oct-1",
"topic": "Air Force Drills",
"text": "The Indian Air Force conducted its largest multinational air combat exercise, 'Tarang Shakti 2026', in Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu, with participation from over 10 global air forces.",
"details": {
"winner": "Indian Air Force & International Partners",
"award": "Exercise Tarang Shakti 2026",
"nationality": "Multinational (Held in India)",
"summary": "IAF's landmark multinational exercise featuring complex air-combat operations, aerial refueling, and tactical simulation with strategic allies."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which is the largest multinational air combat exercise conducted by the Indian Air Force?",
"options": [
"Gagan Shakti",
"Tarang Shakti",
"Vayu Shakti",
"Desert Knight"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Tarang Shakti is the largest multinational air combat exercise hosted by the Indian Air Force, featuring global military participation."
}
},
{
"id": "oct-2",
"topic": "Defence Technology",
"text": "DRDO successfully flight-tested the indigenous VSHORADS (Very Short Range Air Defence System) missile from a ground-based portable launcher off the coast of Odisha.",
"details": {
"winner": "DRDO",
"award": "VSHORADS Flight Test Success",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "Successfully tested short-range air defence missile featuring a dual-band infrared homing guidance system, designed to counter low-altitude threats."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "What type of guidance system does the DRDO VSHORADS missile utilize?",
"options": [
"Active Radar Homing",
"Dual-band Infrared Homing",
"Laser Beam Riding",
"GPS-guided inertial navigation"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "The VSHORADS missile employs a state-of-the-art dual-band infrared seeker (homing) system to acquire and track low-altitude aerial targets."
}
},
{
"id": "oct-3",
"topic": "Bilateral Agreements",
"text": "India and Spain inaugurated the C-295 aircraft final assembly line plant in Vadodara, Gujarat, marking India's first private sector military aircraft manufacturing facility.",
"details": {
"winner": "Tata Advanced Systems & Airbus",
"award": "C-295 Assembly Plant Inauguration",
"nationality": "India & Spain (Vadodara)",
"summary": "Inaugurated by PM Modi and Spain's PM Pedro Sánchez, the plant will manufacture 40 C-295 transport planes indigenously under technology transfer."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "In which Indian city was the C-295 military transport aircraft final assembly line plant inaugurated?",
"options": [
"Bengaluru",
"Hyderabad",
"Vadodara",
"Chennai"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "The final assembly line for manufacturing C-295 military transport aircraft was inaugurated in Vadodara, Gujarat, by Tata Advanced Systems in collaboration with Airbus."
}
},
{
"id": "oct-4",
"topic": "Science & Space",
"text": "NASA's Europa Clipper spacecraft was launched successfully on a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket, commencing a multi-year mission to study Jupiter's icy moon.",
"details": {
"winner": "NASA & SpaceX",
"award": "Europa Clipper Launch",
"nationality": "USA (Cape Canaveral)",
"summary": "Scientific space probe designed to investigate Jupiter's moon Europa, focusing on its subsurface ocean, ice crust, and potential habitability."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which planetary body is NASA's Europa Clipper spacecraft sent to investigate?",
"options": [
"Mars",
"Saturn's Moon Titan",
"Jupiter's Moon Europa",
"Venus"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "NASA's Europa Clipper mission is designed to orbit Jupiter and perform detailed flybys of its moon Europa to analyze its subsurface ocean."
}
},
{
"id": "oct-5",
"topic": "National Security",
"text": "The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) completed construction of the world's highest fighter airfield at Nyoma in eastern Ladakh, positioned at an altitude of 13,700 feet.",
"details": {
"winner": "Border Roads Organisation (BRO)",
"award": "Nyoma Airfield Completion",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "The highest operational fighter airfield situated in eastern Ladakh, allowing strategic deployment of combat jets near the LAC."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "The world's highest fighter airfield constructed by the BRO is located in:",
"options": [
"Nyoma, Ladakh",
"Tawang, Arunachal Pradesh",
"Dharchula, Uttarakhand",
"Lahaul, Himachal Pradesh"
],
"correct": 0,
"explanation": "The world's highest military fighter airfield is constructed by the BRO at Nyoma in Ladakh, at an altitude of over 13,700 feet."
}
},
{
"id": "oct-6",
"topic": "National GK",
"text": "Legal debates arose regarding the upcoming **Delimitation Commission**, which will adjust parliamentary seats based on constitutional guidelines and upcoming census data.",
"details": {
"winner": "Ministry of Law & Justice",
"award": "Delimitation Guidelines Review",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "The commission redraws constituency boundaries under Article 82 of the Constitution to maintain equal representation across state population ratios."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Under which Article of the Indian Constitution is the Parliament authorized to enact a Delimitation Act after every census?",
"options": [
"Article 80",
"Article 82",
"Article 102",
"Article 170"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Article 82 provides that after each census, the allocation of seats in Lok Sabha to states and the division of each state into territorial constituencies shall be readjusted."
}
},
{
"id": "oct-7",
"topic": "International Relations",
"text": "The leaders of the **Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD)** held their summit, launching the 'Quad Maritime Initiative' to monitor illegal fishing in the Indo-Pacific.",
"details": {
"winner": "QUAD Leaders (India, US, Japan, Australia)",
"award": "QUAD Summit 2026",
"nationality": "International (Held in Delaware, USA)",
"summary": "Emphasized maritime security, quality infrastructure, and cyber security protocols to foster a free and open Indo-Pacific region."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which of the following countries is NOT a member of the QUAD grouping?",
"options": [
"United States",
"Japan",
"United Kingdom",
"India"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "The QUAD consists of four democracies: India, the United States, Japan, and Australia."
}
},
{
"id": "oct-8",
"topic": "Science & Tech",
"text": "ISRO successfully conducted the first unmanned flight trial of the **Gaganyaan-1** crew capsule, validating parachute deployments and splashdown recovery systems.",
"details": {
"winner": "ISRO",
"award": "Gaganyaan Unmanned Test Success",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "Demonstrated safe descent and recovery of an empty crew capsule in the Bay of Bengal, verifying the safety systems for future human flight."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "What is the name of the female humanoid robot developed by ISRO to fly on unmanned Gaganyaan flights?",
"options": [
"Mitra",
"Vyommitra",
"Gaganmitra",
"Asha"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Vyommitra is a spacefaring female humanoid robot developed by ISRO to test crew module parameters."
}
},
{
"id": "oct-visit-spain",
"topic": "Bilateral Visits",
"text": "Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez visited India, co-inaugurating the C-295 aircraft assembly plant in Vadodara and signing railway cooperation pacts.",
"details": {
"winner": "India & Spain",
"award": "State Visit",
"nationality": "Spain",
"summary": "Inaugurated the first private military aircraft plant in India under the Tata-Airbus partnership, and signed MoUs on rail infrastructure."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which European Prime Minister co-inaugurated India's first private sector military aircraft assembly line in Vadodara in late 2026?",
"options": [
"Olaf Scholz",
"Emmanuel Macron",
"Pedro Sánchez",
"Giorgia Meloni"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "Spanish PM Pedro Sánchez co-inaugurated the Vadodara C-295 aircraft plant alongside PM Narendra Modi."
}
}
],
"November 2026": [
{
"id": "nov-1",
"topic": "Military Exercises",
"text": "The bilateral naval exercise 'SIMBEX-2026' between the Indian Navy and Singapore Navy was conducted in the South China Sea, focusing on anti-submarine combat drills.",
"details": {
"winner": "Indian Navy & Singapore Navy",
"award": "Exercise SIMBEX-2026",
"nationality": "India & Singapore",
"summary": "A maritime bilateral exercise featuring advanced anti-submarine warfare simulations, tactical maneuvers, and live weapon firings."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Bilateral naval exercise 'SIMBEX' is conducted between India and which other country?",
"options": [
"Sri Lanka",
"Singapore",
"Seychelles",
"Saudi Arabia"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "SIMBEX is the Singapore-India Maritime Bilateral Exercise, held annually to foster naval cooperation."
}
},
{
"id": "nov-2",
"topic": "Space Missions",
"text": "ISRO and NASA completed the integration of the NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) satellite, preparing for its upcoming launch from Sriharikota.",
"details": {
"winner": "NASA & ISRO",
"award": "NISAR Satellite Integration",
"nationality": "Joint US-India Project",
"summary": "Dual-frequency L-band and S-band synthetic aperture radar satellite designed to map earth deformation, ice-sheet changes, and ecosystem dynamics."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "What type of radar does the joint NASA-ISRO NISAR satellite carry?",
"options": [
"L-band and S-band Dual Synthetic Aperture Radar",
"X-band Doppler Radar",
"Laser Radar (LiDAR)",
"Ka-band Radar Altimeter"
],
"correct": 0,
"explanation": "NISAR is the first satellite mission to use two different radar frequencies (L-band and S-band) to measure changes in Earth's surface."
}
},
{
"id": "nov-3",
"topic": "Defence Inductions",
"text": "The Indian Army inducted its first batch of ALS-50 loitering munitions, providing precision-strike capabilities in high-altitude terrain.",
"details": {
"winner": "Indian Army & Indigenous Defence Firms",
"award": "ALS-50 Loitering Munition Induction",
"nationality": "Indian (Indigenously Developed)",
"summary": "Induction of vertical take-off and landing loitering munitions (kamikaze drones) designed for precision targeting in mountainous terrains."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "What category of military system is the newly inducted ALS-50?",
"options": [
"Loitering Munition (Kamikaze Drone)",
"Anti-tank Guided Missile",
"Main Battle Tank",
"Air Defence Radar"
],
"correct": 0,
"explanation": "The ALS-50 is an indigenously developed loitering munition capable of operating in high-altitude environments for precision-strike operations."
}
},
{
"id": "nov-4",
"topic": "Appointments",
"text": "Air Chief Marshal Amar Preet Singh took charge as the new Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) of the Indian Air Force, succeeding Air Chief Marshal V.R. Chaudhari.",
"details": {
"winner": "Air Chief Marshal Amar Preet Singh",
"award": "Chief of the Air Staff Appointment",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "Assumed command as the 28th Chief of the Air Staff of the Indian Air Force, committing to modernization and indigenization."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Who took charge as the Chief of the Air Staff of the Indian Air Force in late 2026?",
"options": [
"Air Chief Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari",
"Air Chief Marshal Amar Preet Singh",
"Air Chief Marshal R. K. S. Bhadauria",
"Air Chief Marshal Birender Singh Dhanoa"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Air Chief Marshal Amar Preet Singh succeeded Air Chief Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari as the Chief of the Air Staff of the IAF."
}
},
{
"id": "nov-5",
"topic": "Environment & GK",
"text": "The United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP31) concluded with nations agreeing on new carbon credit guidelines under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.",
"details": {
"winner": "UN Member States",
"award": "COP31 Carbon Credit Agreement",
"nationality": "International",
"summary": "Nations established strict international rules for bilateral and multilateral carbon trading, aiming to improve global carbon offset transparency."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which international treaty organization coordinates the COP climate change summits?",
"options": [
"UNEP",
"UNFCCC",
"IPCC",
"WMO"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "The Conferences of the Parties (COP) are held under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)."
}
},
{
"id": "nov-6",
"topic": "National Policy",
"text": "The Ministry of Heavy Industries launched the **PM-E-DRIVE Scheme** (Electric Mobility Promotion), allocating Rs 10,900 crore to subsidize electric two-wheelers, three-wheelers, and e-buses.",
"details": {
"winner": "Indian EV Sector",
"award": "PM-E-DRIVE Scheme Launch",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "A replacement for the older FAME schemes, aiming to accelerate public EV transport infrastructure, fast charger networks, and local assembly."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "What does the abbreviation PM-E-DRIVE stand for under the newly launched EV subsidy scheme?",
"options": [
"PM Electric Devices Registry and Infrastructure Venture",
"PM Electric Drive Revolution in Innovative Vehicle Enhancement",
"PM Electric Mobility Promotion Scheme",
"PM Efficient Transportation System"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "PM-E-DRIVE stands for PM Electric Drive Revolution in Innovative Vehicle Enhancement, providing subsidy support for electric vehicles."
}
},
{
"id": "nov-7",
"topic": "International Relations",
"text": "The **ASEAN-India Summit** held discussions on bolstering regional security, trade connectivity, and resolving South China Sea maritime boundary disputes.",
"details": {
"winner": "India & ASEAN Nations",
"award": "ASEAN-India Bilateral Summit",
"nationality": "International",
"summary": "Focus on finalizing review of the ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA) to address trade deficits and foster free-trade logistics."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which of the following nations is the coordinating country for ASEAN-India relations in 2025/2026?",
"options": [
"Singapore",
"Vietnam",
"Philippines",
"Thailand"
],
"correct": 0,
"explanation": "Singapore acts as the country coordinator for India-ASEAN relations, driving multilateral initiatives."
}
},
{
"id": "nov-8",
"topic": "Environment",
"text": "The **G20 Bioeconomy Initiative** established consensus on establishing international biofuel certification standards to combat carbon emissions in shipping.",
"details": {
"winner": "G20 Member States",
"award": "Bioeconomy Consensus Agreement",
"nationality": "International",
"summary": "Established standards to promote sustainable agriculture, waste-to-wealth technologies, and biofuel supply chains globally."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "The Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA) was launched during the G20 presidency of which country?",
"options": [
"Brazil",
"India",
"Indonesia",
"South Africa"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "The Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA) was officially launched by India during the New Delhi G20 Summit in September 2023."
}
},
{
"id": "nov-visit-singapore",
"topic": "Bilateral Visits",
"text": "PM Narendra Modi visited Singapore and Brunei, signing bilateral MoUs on semiconductor supply chains and digital healthcare.",
"details": {
"winner": "India & Singapore / Brunei",
"award": "Act East Visit",
"nationality": "Singapore & Brunei",
"summary": "Expanded Act East Policy with high-level agreements on semiconductor talent exchange, green energy transit, and direct aviation connectivity."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "With which Southeast Asian country did India sign a landmark MoU on building a resilient Semiconductor Supply Chain Ecosystem in 2026?",
"options": [
"Vietnam",
"Singapore",
"Malaysia",
"Thailand"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "India and Singapore signed a key MoU establishing semiconductor supply chain cooperation during the PM's state visit."
}
}
],
"December 2026": [
{
"id": "dec-1",
"topic": "Strategic Drills",
"text": "The Indian Army's Sudarshan Chakra Corps conducted the exercise 'Sudarshan Prahar 2026' in Rajasthan, validating network-centric warfare concepts.",
"details": {
"winner": "Indian Army (Sudarshan Chakra Corps)",
"award": "Exercise Sudarshan Prahar 2026",
"nationality": "Indian (Held in Rajasthan)",
"summary": "A large-scale combat exercise focusing on troop movements, electronic warfare simulation, and air-land force integration in desert sectors."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which command or corps of the Indian Army conducted the 'Sudarshan Prahar' exercise?",
"options": [
"Desert Corps",
"Northern Command",
"Eastern Command",
"Sudarshan Chakra Corps"
],
"correct": 3,
"explanation": "The Sudarshan Chakra Corps of the Southern Command conducted the joint exercise 'Sudarshan Prahar' in Rajasthan."
}
},
{
"id": "dec-2",
"topic": "Missile Trials",
"text": "India successfully flight-tested the long-range ballistic missile Agni-V configured with MIRV technology from APJ Abdul Kalam Island.",
"details": {
"winner": "DRDO",
"award": "Agni-V MIRV Test Success",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "Successful developmental test demonstrating Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle (MIRV) technology, allowing a single missile to hit separate targets."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "What technology was successfully flight-tested on India's Agni-V missile under Mission Divyastra?",
"options": [
"Scramjet propulsion",
"MIRV (Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle)",
"Hypersonic Glide Vehicle",
"Solid fuel ramjet engine"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "The Agni-V missile developmental flight-test successfully validated Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle (MIRV) technology."
}
},
{
"id": "dec-3",
"topic": "Naval Acquisitions",
"text": "The Ministry of Defence approved the procurement of 26 Rafale-M marine fighter jets from France to serve onboard the indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant.",
"details": {
"winner": "Indian Navy & Dassault Aviation",
"award": "Rafale-M Aircraft Procurement",
"nationality": "India & France",
"summary": "Cleared procurement of 26 carrier-borne Rafale-M fighter jets (including 22 single-seaters and 4 twin-seater trainers) to replace aging fleets."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which aircraft carrier is designated to operate the newly approved Rafale-M fighter jets?",
"options": [
"INS Vikramaditya",
"INS Vikrant",
"INS Vishal",
"INS Virat"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "The carrier-borne Rafale-M jets are procured to operate off India's indigenously designed aircraft carrier INS Vikrant."
}
},
{
"id": "dec-4",
"topic": "Bilateral Exercises",
"text": "The joint military exercise 'Indra-2026' between Indian and Russian armed forces was conducted in Vladivostok, focusing on counter-terrorism operations.",
"details": {
"winner": "Indian Armed Forces & Russian Armed Forces",
"award": "Exercise Indra-2026",
"nationality": "India & Russia",
"summary": "Bilateral tri-services combat drill targeting joint operation planning, counter-terror tactics, and urban warfare cooperation."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Bilateral joint military exercise 'Indra' is conducted between India and which other country?",
"options": [
"France",
"Russia",
"USA",
"Japan"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "Exercise 'Indra' is the bilateral training exercise conducted between the armed forces of India and Russia."
}
},
{
"id": "dec-5",
"topic": "National Days",
"text": "December 16 was observed across India as Vijay Diwas to commemorate the historic victory over Pakistan in the 1971 war.",
"details": {
"winner": "Indian Armed Forces",
"award": "Vijay Diwas Commemoration",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "Celebrated to mark the surrender of Pakistani forces on December 16, 1971, which led to the creation of Bangladesh."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Vijay Diwas is observed annually on December 16 to commemorate:",
"options": [
"Kargil War Victory",
"1962 China War ceasefire",
"1971 War Victory & Liberation of Bangladesh",
"First Nuclear Test at Pokhran"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "Vijay Diwas commemorates the decisive victory of the Indian Armed Forces over Pakistan in the 1971 war, resulting in the creation of Bangladesh."
}
},
{
"id": "dec-6",
"topic": "National Security",
"text": "The Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) approved the setting up of a unified **Defence Cyber Command** (DCyC) to coordinate military responses against cyber-attacks.",
"details": {
"winner": "Defence Cyber Agency",
"award": "Defence Cyber Command Approval",
"nationality": "Indian",
"summary": "A joint tri-services command designed to safeguard critical military communications network and wage defensive/offensive cyber operations."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "The newly approved Defence Cyber Command is a joint command of:",
"options": [
"Ministry of Defence and MeitY",
"Army, Navy, and Air Force",
"ISRO and DRDO",
"Home Affairs and Defense Forces"
],
"correct": 1,
"explanation": "The Defence Cyber Command is a tri-services command of the Indian Army, Indian Navy, and Indian Air Force."
}
},
{
"id": "dec-7",
"topic": "International Relations",
"text": "India and the **Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)** resumed formal dialogue for a comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (FTA), focusing on energy imports and tariffs.",
"details": {
"winner": "India & GCC Member States",
"award": "India-GCC FTA Negotiations",
"nationality": "International",
"summary": "Talks to eliminate custom duties on bilateral goods trade and improve services exchange between India and the 6 GCC member nations."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "Which of the following countries is NOT a member of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)?",
"options": [
"Saudi Arabia",
"Oman",
"Iran",
"Qatar"
],
"correct": 2,
"explanation": "Iran is not a member of the GCC. The GCC comprises Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, and Bahrain."
}
},
{
"id": "dec-8",
"topic": "Science & Tech",
"text": "Under the national **Deep Ocean Mission**, the manned submersible **Matsya 6000** underwent successful dry-dock hyperbaric testing prior to deep-sea trials.",
"details": {
"winner": "National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT)",
"award": "Matsya 6000 Testing Progress",
"nationality": "Indian (Deep Ocean Mission)",
"summary": "A manned deep-submersible vehicle designed to carry three scientists to an ocean depth of 6,000 meters to study hydrothermal vents and resources."
},
"mcq": {
"question": "India's first manned deep-ocean submersible project is named:",
"options": [
"Samudrayaan (Matsya 6000)",
"Sagaryaan",
"Gaganyaan",
"Varunayaan"
],
"correct": 0,
"explanation": "The project is named Samudrayaan, and the vehicle is called Matsya 6000."
}
}
]
}